The SWI/SNF complex, one of major classes in chromatin remodeling, has been shown to play a crucial function in various biological processes in different organisms. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes regulate the accessibility of chromatin by altering the positions of histone octamers on DNA. The structure of chromatin is critical for the interaction between DNA and proteins involved in replication, transcription, and other processes in nucleus ( Müller and Leutz, 2001). Taken together, these results supported that AtMMS21 regulates the protein stability of BRM in root development. Overexpression of BRM in mms21-1 partially rescued the developmental defect of roots.
Furthermore, overexpression of wild-type AtMMS21 but not the mutated AtMMS21 without SUMO ligase activity was able to recover the stability of BRM in mms21-1. Biochemical evidence indicated that BRM was modified by SUMO3, and the reaction was enhanced by AtMMS21. In the mms21-1 mutant, the protein level of BRM-GFP was significantly lower than that in wild type, but the RNA level of BRM did not change. The mutants of BRM and AtMMS21 displayed a similar defect in root development. The interaction was confirmed in different approaches in vivo and in vitro.
Here, we report that BRM interacts with AtMMS21, a SUMO ligase in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana). Brahma (BRM) is a conserved ATPase in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and is involved in various biological processes in plant cells, but the regulation mechanism on BRM protein remains unclear. Chromatin remodeling is essential for gene expression regulation in plant development and response to stresses.
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